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It is known that ancient philosophers, first, Plato, and then Aristotle, classifying state system types, divided them into two groups depending on the priority of values in consciousness of those, who are in power as rulers (leaders), and all citizens of the state as a whole. The first group looks as follows:
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Types of government regarded
as CORRECT state systems
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MONARCHY
(Developed in most countries in the modern, republican form - presidential rule) |
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The political system at which the country is ruled by one of the most enlightened, who is distinguished by his wisdom and other outstanding qualities |
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ARISTOCRACY
(Developed today in the modern, republican form - parliamentary rule) |
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| The political system at which the country is ruled by a certain minority, notable for their intelligence and other superior qualities - the best, the elite (from greek - aristos - the best + kratos - the power)
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POLITY
- in greek - πολιτεία - the power of citizens (corresponds according to the kratology {to the science about governance} to a more modern term NOOCRACY {the power of reason} - from greek - nóos - reason + kratos - power) |
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| The form of public administration, at which, according to Aristotle, the most intelligent citizens rule for common good, at the same time the highest noble qualities and intelligence are inherent in the majority of civilly educated fellow citizens |
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The fundamental values of the above group of state systems are intelligence, positive knowledge, morality, highly cultured behaviour, patriotism, etc., i.e. those qualities of a person, which are achieved through laborious and comprehensive training and education.
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The second group, which Aristotle qualified as the deviations from the correct types, includes the following state systems:
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Types of governments, qualified by Aristotle as DEVIATIONS from the correct types of state systems
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TYRANNY
(Developed today in a more modern form - dictatorial rule) |
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| The most obvious and ancient deviation accompanied by ignorance of broad masses, allowing to oppress itself to any maniac, the tyrant (from Greek - tyrannos) - to a person who has forcibly seized power, or a cruel ruler, exercising its irrational authority by violence, the despot |
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OLIGARCHY
(from Greek - oligos - few, not numerous + arche - power) - has developed today into a more modern form - polyarchy, i.e. corruption-oligarchical rule |
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| The deviation close to tyranny, admissible at relative ignorance or dullness of the people esteeming the richness and allowing to usurp the power to a small number of immoral individuals who are far from common interests of people. It is possible to consider as an oligarchy version as well plutocracy from Greek - plutos
- wealth + kratos - force, the power) - the power of a small group of the wealthiest citizens, the domination of money |
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DEMOCRACY
(its varieties: ochlocracy - the power of crowd; more widespread presently kleptocracy - the tendency of unscrupulous persons who have gained power, to theft or appropriation of public property or funds, personal enrichment, corruption) |
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| Deviation, typical for low-enlightened people when imperfect systems of civil upbringing and education can not endow individuals sufficiently with reason or even mind to resist the obvious injustice and to change an order weakening the state) |
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In contrast to the real and true values of governance of the first group of state systems, in the second one imaginary values mostly prevail such as money (profit), property (wealth), power (unrestrained lust after political power), etc. In a correct state system these values inherently can only be subsidiary, secondary elements in the mechanism (or tools) of public life and should not dominate. This can be achieved only through proper upbringing, education and enlightenment, resulting in raise of citizens' consciousness to a higher level.
In the wrong state systems reason, morality, high culture of behaviour and patriotism are intentionally and deliberately sidelined and fade into the background, and to achieve their goals unscrupulous rulers use such techniques as nationalism, clericalization, the protection of human rights (without explanation of mental parametres of humans themselves), the system of double standards and reckless freedom. Previously featured other notions of equality and fraternity as well, but in recent years about them have practically ceased to speak.
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As a result, it is necessary to ascertain that, estimating features of social building, Aristotle suggested to recognise as correct, the best ones only those kinds of state rule in which governance is concentrated in hands of the best on reason and morals. In modern interpretation it can be only one form of public self-government, namely:
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NOOCRACY {the power of mind, reason} - the public self-government, at which, thanks to excellent upbringing, education and enlightenment for ALL citizens of this country, but ideally - ALL citizens of the world,
the highest noble qualities and intelligence are inherent in the majority of fellow citizens; political system is republican when only the most intelligent citizens rule for common good |
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Thus, NOOCRACY is a DEMOCRATIC self-government of
ONLY well-brought-up, educated and enlightened FELLOW CITIZENS!!!
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